"Self-Medication with Cannabis"
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33687/ricosbiol.03.01.0039Keywords:
Self-medication, Cannabinoids, THC, CBD, Chronic pain, anxiety, Legalization, Public healthAbstract
Self-medication utilizing cannabis has collected meaningful attention on account of its perceived healing benefits and developing permissible frameworks. Individuals repeatedly count on cannabis for directing incessant pain, tension, depression, and additional healing conditions, frequently outside adequate counseling from healthcare providers. This practice raises detracting questions about security, efficacy, and the potential for misuse. Although cannabinoids like THC and CBD have proved promise in considering certain environments, discrepancies in product features, drug, and individual reactions present challenges in ensuring optimum effects.
This review explores the patterns, ambitions, and risks that guide self-cure using marijuana. Key determinants influencing self-cure contain accessibility, socioeconomic rank, and unhappiness accompanying conventional situations. The impact of authorization on self-medication currents and the populace most affected by marijuana procedures is emphasized. Despite anecdotal evidence upholding allure therapeutic use, strong dispassionate tests are necessary to confirm these claims and address concerns about reliance, cognitive deterioration, and drug interplays.
Ethical considerations stand when things use marijuana as a substitute for recommended healing treatments. Public health concerns, containing the normalization of marijuana use and its potential social belongings, are explained in light of changeful public ideas. This review underscores the need for evidence-based directions to guide things self-medicating with marijuana and the healthcare artists advising bureaucracy.
Downloads
References
Aggarwal, S., Carter, G. T., Sullivan, M. D., Zumbrunnen, C., Morrill, R., & Mayer, J. D. (2009). Medicinal use of cannabis in the United States: Ancient perspectives, current developments, and future guidelines. Journal of Opioid Management, 5(3), 153–168.
Bachhuber, M. A., Saloner, B., Cunningham, C. O., & Barry, C. L. (2014). Clinical hashish laws and opioid analgesic overdose mortality inside the United States of America, 1999–2010. JAMA Internal Medication, 174(10), 1668–1673. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.4005
Corridor, D. H., & Queener, J. E. (2007). Self-medicine speculation of substance use: Testing Khantzian’s updated theory. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 39(2), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2007.10400698
Corridor, W., & Degenhardt, L. (2009). Negative health outcomes of non-medical cannabis use. The Lancet, 374(9698), 1383–1391. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61037-0
Fast, W., Gates, P., & Dillon, P. (2005). Survey of Australians the usage of cannabis for clinical purposes. Harm Reduction Magazine, 2, 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-2-18
Greydanus, D. E., & Patel, D. R. (2010). Substance abuse in teenagers: The effect of cannabis use. Adolescent Remedy: Country of the Art Opinions, 21(1), 85–108.
Hall, W. (2015). What have studies over the past many years discovered about the unfavorable health results of leisure cannabis use? Dependancy, 110(1), 19–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/upload.12703
Haney, M. (2009). The marijuana withdrawal syndrome: prognosis and remedy. Current Psychiatry Reports, 11(5), 360–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-009-0056-y
Hasin, D. S., Sarvet, A. L., Cerdá, M., Keyes, K. M., Stohl, M., Galea, S., & Wall, M. M. (2017). U.S. person illicit hashish use, cannabis use sickness, and medical marijuana laws: 1991–1992 to 2012–2013. JAMA Psychiatry, 74(6), 579–588. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0724
Hazekamp, A., & Heerdink, E. R. (2013). The prevalence and occurrence of medicinal hashish on prescription within the Netherlands. Ecu Journal of Scientific Pharmacology, 69(8), 1575–1580. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-013-1503-y
Hazekamp, A., Ware, M. A., Muller-Vahl, K. R., Abrams, D., & Grotenhermen, F. (2013). The medicinal use of hashish and cannabinoids: A global cross-sectional survey on management bureaucracy. Magazine of Psychoactive Tablets, 45(3), 199–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2013.805976
Janichek, J. L., & Reiman, A. (2012). Medical service needs for clinical hashish patients. Harm Reduction Journal, 9, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-9-12
Kalant, H. (2004). Adverse outcomes of hashish on health: A replacement of the literature since 1996. Development in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 28(5), 849–863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.05.027
Lev-Ran, S., Roerecke, M., Le Foll, B., George, T. P., McKenzie, K., & Rehm, J. (2014). The association between cannabis use and depression: A scientific evaluation and meta-evaluation of longitudinal studies. Psychological Remedy, 44(4), 797–810. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291713001438
Lynch, M. E., Younger, J., & Clark, A. J. (2006). A case series of patients using scientific marijuana for chronic ache management underneath Canadian Marihuana Medical Access Policies. Journal of Ache and Symptom Management, 32(5), 497–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.05.010
MacCoun, R. J., & Reuter, P. (2001). Comparing opportunity cannabis regimes. British Magazine of Psychiatry, 178, 123–128. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.178.2.123
Meier, M. H., Caspi, A., Ambler, A., Harrington, H., Houts, R., Keefe, R. S. E., & Moffitt, T. E. (2012). Continual hashish users show neuropsychological decline from youth to midlife. Lawsuits of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(40), E2657–E2664. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1206820109
Micale, V., Di Marzo, V., Sulcova, A., Wotjak, C. T., & Drago, F. (2013). Endocannabinoid gadget and mood problems: Priming a goal for brand spanking new remedies. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 138(1), 18–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.12.002
National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2015, June). Marijuana as a medicine. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov
Nutt, D., & Robbins, T. (2011). Dangerous outcomes of medication on people and society. The Lancet, 376(9752), 1558–1559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61863-0
Nutt, D., King, L. A., Saulsbury, W., & Blakemore, C. (2007). Development of a rational scale to evaluate the harm of medication of potential misuse. The Lancet, 369(9566), 1047–1053. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60464-4
Passie, T., Emrich, H. M., Karst, M., Brandt, S. D., & Halpern, J. H. (2012). Mitigation of post-demanding stress signs and symptoms by hashish resin: A review of the medical and neurobiological evidence. Drug Checking out and Evaluation, 4(7–8), 649–659. https://doi.org/10.1002/dta.387
People for the Secure Right of Entry. (2012, June 1). Connecticut turns into 17th clinical marijuana country irrespective of ongoing federal intimidation [Press release]. Retrieved April 4, 2013, from http://safeaccessnow.org
Prentiss, D., Strength, R., Balmas, G., Tzuang, G., & Israelski, D. M. (2004). Styles of marijuana use among sufferers with HIV/AIDS located in a public fitness care place. Journal of Received Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 35(1), 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1097/00126334-200401010-00007
Reiman, A. E. (2009). Cannabis alternatively for alcohol and different capsules. Harm Reduction Journal, 6, 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-6-35
Suh, J. J., Ruffins, S., Robins, C. E., Albanese, M. J., & Khantzian, E. J. (2008). Self-remedy hypothesis: Connecting affective enjoyment and drug choice. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 25(3), 518–532. https://doi.org/10.1037/0736-9735.25.3.518
Sullivan, P. (2012, October 11). MD position inside the use of clinical marijuana baffles many medical doctors: Survey. Canadian Medical Association. Retrieved April 4, 2013, from http://www.cma.ca
Volkow, N. D., Baler, R. D., Compton, W. M., & Weiss, S. R. (2014). Negative fitness results of marijuana use. The New England Magazine of Drugs, 370(23), 2219–2227. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1402309
Ware, M. (2012, December 18). Transferring forward at the clinical use of cannabis. The Montreal Gazette. Retrieved April 4, 2013, from http://www.montrealgazette.com
Woodward, C. (2012). A shift toward self-medication in the U.S. Canadian Scientific Association Magazine, 184(10), 1130–1131. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.120619
Published
Data Availability Statement
N/A
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Rehan Naqvi, Geetha Kumari Das, Zameer Ahmed, Sambreen Zameer
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
