Physiological Influence of Licorice Extract on Some Hormonal and Biochemical Parameters Alterations Induced by Glucocorticoid in Male Rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33687/mtycxb04Keywords:
Adrenal incapability, Licorice extract, 11β-HSD, RatsAbstract
The current study investigates the influence of licorice extract versus adrenal incapability induced by glucocorticoids in male rats. Forty male rats were sectioned randomly into 4 groups. The first was negative control group (G1): normal saline was given orally to rats. The second was positive control group (G2): intra peritoneal treatment with Hydrocortisone Sodium (50 mg/kg) for seven days. The third was therapeutic group (G3): intra peritoneal treatment with Hydrocortisone Sodium (50 mg/kg) for seven days and then licorice extract (100 mg /kg) given orally for 14 days. The fourth was licorice extract Group (G 4): Rats were given 100 mg/kg of licorice extract orally for 21 days. At the end of the experiment, hormonal measurement; adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), serum cortisol, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), 11 β -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme (11β-HSD), in addition to serum sodium and potassium were measured. The results demonstrated treatment with licorice extract improved significantly (P<0.05) in ACTH, CRH and serum cortisol hormones with non-significant reduction in serum MDA level in the therapeutic group compared with the positive control group. Our results concluded that licorice extract improves the alteration induced by hydrocortisone hormones and reduces the free radicals.
Downloads
References
Ageeva, A.A., Kruppa, A.I., Magin, I.M., Babenko, S.V., Leshina, T.V., and Polyakov, N.E. New aspects of the antioxidant activity of glycyrrhizin revealed by the cidnp technique. Antioxidants, 11(2022):1591.
Bailly, C., and Vergoten, G. Glycyrrhizin: An alternative drug for the treatment of COVID-19 infection and the associated respiratory syndrome? Pharmacology&therapeutics, 214(2020):107618.
Borresen, S.W., Klose, M., Glintborg, D., Watt, T., Andersen, M.S., and Feldt-Rasmussen, U. Approach to the patient with glucocorticoid-induced adrenal incapibility. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 107(2022): 2065–2076.
Díaz-Castro, F., Monsalves-Álvarez, M., Rojo, L.E., Del Campo, A., and Troncoso, R. Mifepristone for Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome: Beyond Cushing's Syndrome. Frontiers in pharmacology, 11(2020):429.
Feng, L., Zhu, M.M., Zhang, M.H., Wang, R.S., Tan, X.B., Song, J., Ding, S. M., Jia, X.B., and Hu, S.Y. Protection of glycyrrhizic acid against AGEs-induced endothelial dysfunction through inhibiting RAGE/NF-κB pathway activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 148(2013): 27–36.
Fernando, H.A., Chin, H.F., Ton, S.H., Abdul Kadir, K. Stress and its effects on glucose metabolism and 11β-HSD activities in rats fed on a combination of high-fat and high-sucrose diet with glycyrrhizic acid. J Diabetes Res. 2013 (2013):190395.
Flaherty, R. L., Owen, M., Fagan-Murphy, A., Intabli, H., Healy, D., Patel, A., Allen, M.C., Patel, B.A., and Flint, M.S. Glucocorticoids induce production of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species and DNA damage through an iNOS mediated pathway in breast cancer. Breast Cancer,Research BCR, 19(2017):35.
Fredrick, F.C., Meda, A.K.R., Singh, B., and Jain, R. Critical illness-related corticosteroid incapability: latest pathophysiology and management guidelines. Acute and Critical Care, 39(2024):331–340.
Frezzotti, A., Margarucci, A.M., Coppa, G., De Sio, G. An evaluation of the Ektachem serum lithium method and comparison with flame emission spectrometry. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 56(1996):591-6.
Galanis, D., Soultanis, K., Lelovas, P., Zervas, A., Papadopoulos, P., Galanos, A., Argyropoulou, K., Makropoulou, M., Patsaki, A., Passali, C., Tsingotjidou, A., Kourkoulis, S., Mitakou, S., and Dontas, I. Protective effect of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots extract on bone mineral density of ovariectomized rats. BioMedicine, 9(2019):8.
Hardy, R.S., Seibel, M.J., and Cooper, M.S. Targeting 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: a novel approach to manipulating local glucocorticoid levels with implications for rheumatic disease. Current Opinion in Pharmacology, 13 (2013): 440–444.
Hejazi, I.I., Khanam, R., Mehdi, S.H., Bhat, A.R., Moshahid Alam Rizvi, M., Islam, A., Thakur, S.C,, Athar, F. New insights into the antioxidant and apoptotic potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. during hydrogen peroxide mediated oxidative stress: An in vitro and in silico evaluation. Biomed Pharmacother. 94 (2017):265-279.
Improda, N., Chioma, L., Capalbo, D., Bizzarri, C., and Salerno, M. Glucocorticoid treatment and adrenal suppression in children: current view and open issues. Journal of endocrinological investigation, (2024). 10.1007/s40618-024-02461-9. Advance online publication.
Kao, T.C., Wu, C.H., and Yen, G.C. Bioactivity and potential health benefits of licorice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62(2014):542–553.
Lewis, A., Thant, A. A., Aslam, A., Aung, P.P.M., and Azmi, S. Diagnosis and management of adrenal incapability. Clinical medicine (London, England), 23(2023):115–118.
Li, Y.J., Chen, J., Li, Y., Li, Q., Zheng, Y.F., Fu, Y., and Li, P. Screening and characterization of natural antioxidants in four Glycyrrhiza species by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography. 1218(2011):8181–8191.
Matchanov, A.D., Esanov, R.S., Renkawitz, T., Soliev, A.B., Kunisch, E., Gonzalo de Juan, I., Westhauser, F., and Tulyaganov, D.U.. Synthesis, Structure-Property Evaluation and Biological Assessment of Supramolecular Assemblies of Bioactive Glass with Glycyrrhizic Acid and Its Monoammonium Salt. Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 15(2022):4197.
Nachawi, N., Li, D., and Lansang, M.C. Glucocorticoid-induced adrenal incapibility and glucocorticoid withdrawal syndrome: Two sides of the same coin. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 91(2024):245–255.
Richard, S.A. Exploring the Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Glycyrrhizic and Glycyrrhetinic Acids. Mediators of Inflammation, 2021 (2021): 6699560.
Sakoda, R., Ishiuchi, K., Yoshino, T., Tsunoo, Y., Namiki, T., Ogawa-Ochiai, K., Minamizawa, K., Fukunaga, K., Watanabe, K., and Makino, T. 3-epi-18β-glycyrrhetinic acid or its glucuronide, the metabolites of glycyrrhizinic acid with individual differences, correlated with diagnostic marker for licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism in humans. Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 52(2024):1407–1416.
Sharifi-Rad, J., Quispe, C., Herrera-Bravo, J., Belén, L.H., Kaur, R., Kregiel, D., Uprety, Y., Beyatli, A., Yeskaliyeva, B., Kırkın, C., Özçelik, B., Sen, S., Acharya, K., Sharopov, F., Cruz-Martins, N., Kumar, M., Razis, A.F.A., Sunusi, U., Kamal, R.M., Shaheen, S., Suleria, H.A.R. Glycyrrhiza Genus: Enlightening Phytochemical Components for Pharmacological and Health-Promoting Abilities. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021(2021): 7571132.
Téblick, A., Gunst, J., and Van den Berghe, G. Critical Illness-induced Corticosteroid Insufficiency: What It Is Not and What It Could Be. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 107(2022):2057–2064.
Wang, H., Zhang, B., Dong, W., Li, Y., Zhao, L., and Zhang, Y. Effect of Diammonium glycyrrhizinate in improving focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats through multiple mechanisms. Dose-response: a publication of International Hormesis Society, 20(2022): 1559325.
Yaw, H.P., Ton, S.H., Chin, H.F., Karim, M.K., Fernando, H.A., and Kadir, K.A. Modulation of lipid metabolism in glycyrrhizic acid-treated rats fed on a high-calorie diet and exposed to short or long-term stress. International Journal of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Pharmacology, 7(2015): 61–75.
Published
Data Availability Statement
Yes, the authors have made their research data available and, readers may access it.
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Sohier Syame, Safinaz Badie
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
